What Web3 Can Learn from Past Industrial Revolutions
History reminds us that no industrial revolution—from the steam engine to the assembly line—has been solely defined by its economic potential. Each era of transformation has eventually bent toward addressing deeper human needs, whether through labor reforms or environmental considerations. As I look at the Web3 space, while profit remains a powerful catalyst, societal values will ultimately shape its trajectory. Soon.
Web3 holds great promise
Blockchain technology, decentralized finance (DeFi), and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) promise unprecedented levels of efficiency, transparency, and inclusivity. But let’s be honest. These systems are being built with the same profit-driven logic that fueled past revolutions. Just as mechanized textile production slashed costs during the First Industrial Revolution, blockchain platforms aim to streamline global transactions, reduce intermediaries, and unlock new markets. More money is created to address inefficiencies left by previous industrial shifts.
We are witnessing the migration of physical assets onto digital ledgers. Real estate, art, intellectual property—these are just some examples of tangible goods being tokenized for easier trade and management. Financial instruments such as stablecoins and liquidity pools offer investors access to previously inaccessible opportunities. This shift mirrors earlier eras when railroads connected distant markets or electricity powered factories. We did this to enable exponential growth. However, much like those transformations, Web3's initial focus on profit overlooks critical questions about equity, ethics, and sustainability.
Lessons from history
History does not repeat, but it sure seems to rhyme. The consequences of unchecked profit-seeking are clear. During the First Industrial Revolution, mechanization brought immense wealth but also dehumanizing working conditions. Factories turned workers into "cogs in a machine," subjecting them to grueling hours and unsafe environments. Similarly, the Second Industrial Revolution's emphasis on mass production further centralized power, leaving many marginalized. Let me tell you, working in the Ford factory in New Jersey in 1913 was no picnic.
It wasn't until widespread social unrest and advocacy movements forced governments and industries to reconsider their priorities that meaningful reforms emerged. Labor laws, safety regulations, and fair wages became cornerstones of modern employment practices. Likewise, the environmental crises of the mid-20th century prompted a reevaluation of industrial growth, leading to policies aimed at preserving natural resources and promoting sustainability.
Moreover, the push for regulation highlights a broader truth: societies tend to respond reactively rather than proactively. We often wait for crises to unfold before implementing solutions. In the public health field, we have started to consider the health consequences of letting companies freely produce and market unhealthy foods. In this discussion, the crashes of FTX and Terra Luna serve as wake-up calls, forcing us to confront the limitations of unregulated markets. By learning from these failures, we can be smarter in the Web3 ecosystem.
The role of regulation
These incidents underscore a growing demand for regulation—a socially constructed need born out of necessity. Governments around the world are now scrambling to establish frameworks that protect consumers while fostering innovation. After all, few would board an airplane without confidence in aviation safety standards.
Regulation in Web3 is not merely a bureaucratic imposition; I say it reflects society's evolving understanding of what constitutes sensible innovation. Much like labor laws were crafted to address exploitation in previous industrial revolutions, regulatory measures in Web3 aim to safeguard against fraud, manipulation, and environmental harm. For instance, concerns about the energy consumption of proof-of-work blockchains have already spurred shifts toward more sustainable alternatives like proof-of-stake, and a growing part of Bitcoin mining is powered by green energy.
Glimmers of hope in Web3 projects
Already, we see glimmers of hope in projects focused on environmental sustainability, financial inclusion, and community empowerment. Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) are experimenting with governance models that prioritize collective decision-making. Tokenized carbon credits are incentivizing climate action. Microfinance platforms are extending credit to underserved populations worldwide. This is great.
Yet, the future of Web3 lies at the intersection of technological advancement and human-centered values. Take real-world assets, for example. As physical assets continue to go online, they will increasingly be managed in ways that align with sound environmental values and social justice. In the traditional financial sector, these are called ESG funds, sustainable funds, and responsible investment funds. Banks optimizing cross-border transactions will do so with energy-smart, low-cost, and efficient blockchain technology. Some companies tokenizing real estate will ensure more equitable distribution of benefits. Investors trading NFTs may support artists who contribute positively to their communities. These opportunities are unique in this industrial revolution.
Learning from the past
In a way, it is frustrating that we seem to be repeating past mistakes, but we can address them earlier than we did before. Like previous industrial revolutions, Web3 will evolve through trial and error, shaped largely by market forces. But if history teaches us anything, it is that profit alone cannot sustain progress. People and our values can.